NERC Grant NE/M011488/1 X-ray powder diffraction patterns as xy datasets of limonites from Acoje (Philippines), Caldag (Turkey), Nkamouna (Cameroon), Piaui (Brazil) and Shevchenko (Kazakhstan) laterite deposits; reduced sulphide ore from Thakaringa Mine (Australia) and Captain deposit (Canada); processing residues from the Kevitsa Mine (Finland). The data were acquired during the NERC SoS Minerals CoG3 project between 2015 and 2018 using a PANAlytical X’Pert Pro diffractometer at the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Powdered samples were back loaded into a deep well holder, loaded into the instrument in reflection geometry and data collected using Co Kalpha radiation between 3 and 70 degrees 2Theta. These data were used primarily for phase identification. This may be useful within the mining sector, resource assessment, processing or prospecting, geo- or material scientists and processing engineers / metallurgists. The data were acquired in the Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum by the NHM CoG3 team. NERC grant: CoG3: The geology, geometallurgy and geomicrobiology of cobalt resources leading to new product streams